Glenn Gould’s meticulous performance of J. S. Bach, Keyboard Concerto No. 1 (BWV 1052) live in 1960
And in the studio in 1983
An orchestrion (and its musical score)
Playing music on a player piano
Edison’s phonograph
A mechanical (acoustic) recording session
A modern composition for Stroh instruments
The tape splicing process
Look how many splices were done in this recording (watch for white pieces of splice tape passing by)
A tape deck modified to create an echo effect
More tape effects: flanging
Les Paul with Mary Ford demonstrating multitrack recording
Les Paul making creative uses of changing tape recording/playback speed
The first musique concrète, PIerre Schaeffer’s Études de bruits (1948)
Beatles, “Tomorrow Never Knows” (1966), with accompaniment, fills, and a “solo” all created from tape loops, and lead vocals sung through a Leslie rotating speaker (from a Hammond organ).
Additional media (relevant to this chapter but not critical for the test):
Popular songs that use the reel flange effect:
- Jimi Hendrix, “Bold as Love”
- Tears for Fears, “Head Over Heels”
- Doobie Brothers, “Listen to the Music”
- The Eagles, “Life in the Fast Lane”